If you are using Ubuntu 16.04 or later, the systemd way to reload the autofs maps seems to be. Sudo systemctl reload autofs.service or (if that's not enough) sudo systemctl restart autofs.service After that, the NAS volume should mount on demand e.g.
翻译状态:本文是 Autofs 的翻译。上次翻译日期:2016-03-25。如果英文版本有所更改,则您可以帮助同步翻译。
本文将概述AutoFS的配置方法,当未被挂载的可移除文件系统或是网络共享的文件系统被用户访问时,这个软件包可以提供的自动挂载的支持。
- If you are using Ubuntu 16.04 or later, the systemd way to reload the autofs maps seems to be. Sudo systemctl reload autofs.service or (if that's not enough) sudo systemctl restart autofs.service After that, the NAS volume should mount on demand e.g.
- Sudo dnf install autofs and on Debian/Ubuntu it will be. Sudo apt-get install autofs I think it's auto-installed on OS X? Again, I'm going to assume you're on a recent Linux distro (Fedora, or a modern Debian/Ubuntu) that has systemd, and then you'll do: sudo systemctl enable autofs sudo systemctl start autofs.
- Autofs is unable to contact the mount daemon on server that provides the information to pathconf. Other Errors With Autofs If the /etc/auto. files have the execute bit set, the automounter tries to execute the maps, which creates messages like.
- 2配置
- 2.2NFS network mounts
- 2.4FTP and SSH (with FUSE)
- 4Troubleshooting and tweaks
安装
安装 软件包 autofs。
提示: 你将不再需要载入
autofs4
模式.配置
AutoFS uses template files for configuration which are located in
/etc/autofs
The main template is called auto.master
, which can point to one or more other templates for specific media types.- Open the file
/etc/autofs/auto.master
with your favorite editor, you will see something similar to this:
The first value on each line determines the base directory under which all the media in a template are mounted, the second value is which template to use. The default base path is
/media
, but you can change this to any other location you prefer. For instance:Note: Make sure there is an empty line on the end of template files (press
ENTER
after last word). If there is no correct EOF (end of file) line, the AutoFS daemon will not properly load.The optional parameter
timeout
sets the amount of seconds after which to unmount directories.The base directory will be created if it does not exist on your system. The base directory will be mounted on to load the dynamically loaded media, which means any content in the base directory will not be accessible while autofs is on. This procedure is however non-destructive, so if you accidentally automount into a live directory you can just change the location in
auto.master
and restart AutoFS to regain the original contents.If you still want to automount to a target non-empty directory and want to have the original files available even after the dynamically loaded directories are mounted, you can use autofs to mount them to another directory (e.g. /var/autofs/net) and create soft links.
Alternatively, you can have autofs mount your media to a specific folder, rather than inside a common folder.
Note: This can cause problems with resources getting locked if the connection to the share is lost. When trying to access the folder, programs will get locked into waiting for a response, and either the connection has to be restored or the process has to be forcibly killed before unmounting is possible. To mitigate this, only use if you will always be connected to the share, and do not use your home folder or other commonly used folders lest your file browser reads ahead into the disconnected folder
- Open the file
/etc/nsswitch.conf
and add an entry for automount:
- When you are done configuring your templates (see below), launch the AutoFS daemon as root by enabling and starting the
autofs.service
.
Devices are now automatically mounted when they are accessed, they will remain mounted as long as you access them.
Removable media
- Open
/etc/autofs/auto.misc
to add, remove or edit miscellaneous devices. For instance:
If you have a CD/DVD combo-drive you can change the
cdrom
line with -fstype=auto
to have the media type autodetected.NFS network mounts
AutoFS provides a new way of automatically discovering and mounting NFS-shares on remote servers (the AutoFS network template in
/etc/autofs/auto.net
has been removed in autofs5). To enable automatic discovery and mounting of network shares from all accessible servers without any further configuration, you will need to add the following to the /etc/autofs/auto.master
file:Each host name needs to be resolveable, e.g. the name an IP address in
/etc/hosts
or via DNS and please make sure you have nfs-utils installed and working. You also have to enable RPC (systemctl start|enable rpcbind) to browse shared Folders.For instance, if you have a remote server fileserver (the name of the directory is the hostname of the server) with an NFS share named /home/share, you can just access the share by typing:
Note: Please note that ghosting, i.e. automatically creating directory placeholders before mounting shares is enabled by default, although AutoFS installation notes claim to remove that option from
/etc/conf.d/autofs
in order to start the AutoFS daemon.The
-hosts
option uses a similar mechanism as the showmount
command to detect remote shares. You can see the exported shares by typing:Replacing <servername> with the name of your own server.
An alternative Way is to use the automount-service from Systemd, see NFS with systemd-automount
Manual NFS configuration
To mount a NFS share on server_name called /srv/shared_dir to another computer named client_pc at location /mnt/foo, edit auto.master and create a config file for the share (auto.server_name):
Samba
The Arch package does not provide any Samba or CIFS templates/scripts (23.07.2009), but the following should work for single shares:
Add the following to
/etc/autofs/auto.master
:where
--timeout
defines how many seconds to wait before the file system is unmounted. The --ghost
option creates empty folders for each mount-point in the file in order to prevent timeouts, if a network share cannot be contacted. Next create a file
/etc/autofs/auto.[my_server]
You can specify a user name and password to use with the share in the
other_options
section:Note: Escape $, and other characters, with a backslash when neccessary.
![Ubuntu Ubuntu](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HKNskZrqBK0/maxresdefault.jpg)
FTP and SSH (with FUSE)
Remote FTP and SSH servers can be accessed seamlessly with AutoFS using FUSE, a virtual file system layer.
Remote FTP
First, install the curlftpfs package.Load the fuse module:
Create a
/etc/modules-load.d/fuse.conf
file containg fuse
Gluemotion 1 1 0. to load it on each system boot.Next, add a new entry for FTP servers in
/etc/autofs/auto.master
:Create the file
/etc/autofs/auto.ftp
and add a server using the ftp://myuser:mypassword@host:port/path
format:Note: Your passwords are plainly visible for anyone that can run
df
(only for mounted servers) or view the file /etc/autofs/auto.ftp
.If you want slightly more security you can create the file
~root/.netrc
and add the passwords there. Passwords are still plain text, but you can have mode 600, and df
command will not show them (mounted or not).This method is also less sensitive to special characters (that else must be escaped) in the passwords. The format is:Snagit 2018 0 2 – screen capture utility download. The line in
/etc/autofs/auto.ftp
looks like this without user and password:Create the file
/sbin/mount.curl
with this code:Create the file
/sbin/umount.curl
with this code:Set the permissions for both files:
After a restart your new FTP server should be accessible through
/media/ftp/servername
.Remote SSH
The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.
Reason: All the ssh* commands should be executed as the same user, as before this edit. It should not matter if it is root or unprivileged. (Discuss in Talk:Autofs (简体中文)#)
These are basic instructions to access a remote filesystem over SSH with AutoFS.
Note: Password-less authentication may be convenient but also has security implications. See SSH keypair for more details
Install the sshfs package.
Load the
fuse
module:Create a
/etc/modules-load.d/fuse.conf
file containg fuse
to load it on each system boot if you have not one yet.Install openssh.
Generate an SSH keypair:
When the generator ask for a passphrase, just press
ENTER
. Using SSH keys without a passphrase is less secure, yet running AutoFS together with passphrases poses some additional difficulties which are not (yet) covered in this article. Next, copy the public key to the remote SSH server:
As root, see that you can login to the remote server without entering a password:
Note: This will add the remote server to root's list of
known_hosts
. Hosts can be also be manually added to /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
.Create a new entry for SSH servers in
/etc/autofs/auto.master
:Create the file
/etc/autofs/auto.ssh
and add an SSH server:After a restart your SSH server should be accessible through
/media/ssh/servername
.MTP
Media Transfer Protocol (MTP) is used in some Android devices.
Install the mtpfs package.
Create a new entry for MTP Device in
/etc/autofs/auto.misc
:Troubleshooting and tweaks
This section contains a few solutions for common issues with AutoFS.
Using NIS
Version 5.0.5 of AutoFS has more advanced support for NIS. To use AutoFS together with NIS, add
yp:
in front of the template names in /etc/autofs/auto.master
:On earlier versions of NIS (before 5.0.4), you should add
nis
to /etc/nsswitch.conf
:Optional parameters
Autofs Ubuntu App
You can set parameters like
timeout
systemwide for all AutoFS media in /etc/default/autofs
:- Open the
/etc/default/autofs
file and edit theOPTIONS
line:
- To enable logging (default is no logging at all), uncomment and add
--verbose
to theOPTIONS
line in/etc/default/autofs
e.g.:
After restarting the
autofs
daemon, verbose output is visible in systemctl status
or in journalctl
.Identify multiple devices
If you use multiple USB drives/sticks and want to easily tell them apart, you can use AutoFS to set up the mount points and Udev to create distinct names for your USB drives. See udev#Setting static device names for instructions on setting up Udev rules.
AutoFS permissions
Autofs Mount Options
If AutoFS is not working for you, make sure that the permissions of the templates files are correct, otherwise AutoFS will not start. This may happen if you backed up your configuration files in a manner which did not preserve file modes. Here are what the modes should be on the configuration files:
- 0644 - /etc/autofs/auto.master
- 0644 - /etc/autofs/auto.media
- 0644 - /etc/autofs/auto.misc
- 0644 - /etc/conf.d/autofs
In general, scripts (like previous
auto.net
) should have executable (chmod a+x filename
) bits set and lists of mounts should not.Autofs Ubuntu Download
If you are getting errors in
/var/log/daemon.log
similar to this, you have a permissions problem:fusermount problems
With certain versions of util-linux, you may not be able to unmount a fuse file system drive mounted by autofs, even if you use the 'user=' option. See the discussion here:http://fuse.996288.n3.nabble.com/Cannot-umount-as-non-root-user-anymore-tp689p697.html
Debugging auto mount issues
For better debugging you might try running automount in foreground.
Of if you want more debug info than try:
Alternatives to AutoFS
- Systemd can automount filesystems upon demand; see here for the description and the article on sshfs for an example.
- Thunar Volume Manager is an automount system for users of the Thunar file manager.
- PCManFM is a lightweight file manager with built-in support for accessing remote shares
- Udisks is a minimalistic automatic disk mounting service
Autofs Ubuntu App
See also
- FTP and SFTP usage with AutoFS is based on this Gentoo Wiki article: https://web.archive.org/web/20130414074212/http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/Mounting_SFTP_and_FTP_shares
- More information on SSH can be found on the SSH and Using SSH Keys pages of this wiki.
- Ubuntu's Autofs help wiki is at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Autofs
- For filesystem specific mount options check http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/natty/en/man8/mount.8.html#contenttoc5[失效链接 2020-08-02 ⓘ]
- For fuse specific mount options check http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man8/mount.fuse.8.html
Autofs Ubuntu Download
Retrieved from 'https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Autofs_(简体中文)&oldid=628327'